#Chambers dictionary define oe full#
The Lord, who knows our hearts ( Luke 16:15 ), experiences its full range of emotions: for example, its joy ( Deut 28:47 1 Sam 2:1 Prov 15:15 ) and its sorrow ( 1 Sam 1:8 ) its raging ( 2 Kings 6:11 ) and its peace ( Col 3:15 ) its feeling troubled ( John 14:1 ) and its rejoicing ( 1 Sam 2:1 Psalm 104:15 ) its love ( Rom 5:5 1 Peter 1:22 ) and its selfish ambition ( James 3:14 ) its modes of doubts ( Mark 11:23 ) and of fear ( Gen 42:28 ) and its mode of trusting ( Prov 3:5 ) when it rises up in repulsive pride ( Deut 8:14 ) or, as in the case of Jesus, is lowly and humble ( Matt 11:29 ) and when one loses heart ( Heb 12:3 ) or takes heart ( John 16:33 ). "The word is very near you, " says Moses to a regenerated Israel, "in your mouth and in your heart" ( Deut 30:14 ). Third, moderns distinguish between the brain's thoughts and a person's actions, but the distinction between thought and action is inappropriate for heart. Because the human heart is deceitful above all things ( Jer 17:9 ) and folly is found up in the heart of a child ( Prov 22:15 ), the Spirit of God must give humans a new heart ( Jer 31:33 Ezek 36:26 ) through faith that purifies it ( Acts 15:9 cf. Jesus said that "from within, out of men's hearts, come evil thoughts" ( Mark 7:21 ). Second, the heart's reasoning, as well as its feeling, depends on its moral condition. Moderns connect some of the heart's emotional-intellectual-moral functions with the brain and glands, but its functions are not precisely equivalent for three reasons.įirst, moderns do not normally associate the brain/mind with both rational and nonrational activities, yet the ancients did not divorce them ( Psalm 20:4 ). Most important, the mouth confesses what the heart trusts ( Rom 10:9 cf. "A wise man's heart guides his mouth, " says Solomon ( Prov 16:23 ).
Jesus says that the heart's secrets are betrayed by the mouth, even as a tree's fruit discloses its nature ( Matt 12:33-34 ). In the time of judgment God will expose the hidden counsels of the heart ( 1 Cor 4:5 ). The king's heart is unsearchable to humankind ( Prov 25:3 ), but the Lord searches all hearts to reward all according to their conduct ( Jer 17:10 ). "Man looks at the outward appearance, " says Samuel, "but the lord looks at the heart" ( 1 Sam 16:7 ). The Heart as Center of Hidden Emotional-Intellectual-Moral Activity. The "heart of the seas" ( Jonah 2:3 ) refers to the sea's fathomless, unapproachable depths and the "heart of the heavens" is its most unreachable height. The hiddenness and inaccessibility of the physical heart give rise to its figurative sense for anything that is remote and inaccessible. Since moderns understand the anatomy differently than the ancients, the English versions gloss the Hebrew to accommodate it to a more scientific viewpoint.Ī Figure of Inaccessibility. Abraham offers his weary guests food so that they might "sustain their hearts" and then go on their way ( Gen 18:5 ). Ancients ate to strengthen the heart and so revive the body. From their viewpoint the heart was the central organ that moved the rest of the body. Ancient people, however, understood the heart's physical function differently than moderns. "Heart" denotes to both ancient and modern peoples the beating chest organ protected by the rib cage. The Heart as Center of Physical Activity. It denotes a person's center for both physical and emotional-intellectual-moral activities sometimes it is used figuratively for any inaccessible thing. kardia ) occurs over one thousand times in the Bible, making it the most common anthropological term in the Scripture. Bible Dictionaries - Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology - Heart Heart
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